ASSESSING GREEN AND BLUE WATER UTILIZATION IN WHEAT PRODUCTION OF TAJIKISTAN: A SURVEY OF REGIONS, 1980-2015 (38-44)

Архив в PDF формате
Дата публикации статьи в журнале: 2020/05/12
Название журнала: Восточно Европейский Научный Журнал, Выпуск: 56, Том: 2, Страницы в выпуске: 38-44
Автор: Muhammadjon Kobuliev
Urumqi, China, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Автор: Tie Liu
Urumqi, China, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Автор: Lin Yi
Shijingshan District, Beijing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Анотация: The water footprint (WF) of national wheat production has been previously estimated for Tajikistan in regional (Central Asia) and global-scale studies. However, due to the large scale, these reports may provide a general view of the country's wheat production water usage, which cannot fully identify the regional demand on water resources. The aim of this study is to estimate the green and blue WF and the total water use of wheat irrigated crop in Tajikistan (1980-2015). The results were evaluated by comparison with previous documented results for the WF of wheat production in Tajikistan. We compared the water use for product (t/ha) among four regions and analyzed the water consumption by dehkan (peasant) farms, households and agriculture enterprises in 2015. The national average WF of wheat production for the period 1980-2015 were approximately 990.6 Mm3/yr (34.3% green and 65.7% blue). There is a notable difference in the WF among different regions: the WFP is low in the eastern region, while it is relatively high in the Khatlon region i.e. in southern Tajikistan. The major portion of WF (61.4%) comes from dehkan farms, while agriculture enterprises with households are share 39.6% of the country total water utilization. Blue water (BW) dominates in the four regions, whereas highest BW proportions are found in the districts located in central and eastern Tajikistan. Productivity plays an important role in food production by reducing the WF wheat production. Due to the low irrigation efficiency, more water is needed perhectare in farmlands of Sughd region.
Ключевые слова: Water Footprint   Households   Collective Farms   Agriculture Enterprises   Tajikistan  
Данные для цитирования: Muhammadjon Kobuliev , Tie Liu, Lin Yi . ASSESSING GREEN AND BLUE WATER UTILIZATION IN WHEAT PRODUCTION OF TAJIKISTAN: A SURVEY OF REGIONS, 1980-2015 (38-44). Восточно Европейский Научный Журнал. Сельскохозяйственные науки. 2020/05/12; 56(2):38-44.

Список литературы: 1. Gafurov, B.G. The Tajiks: Ancient, old, mid ages and modern history; Moscow, USSR, 1972; 2. Khasanzoda, G. Food security and poverty; Shokirzoda, S., Ed.; 5th ed.; Agency for Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan: Dushanbe, Tajikistan, 2015; 3. Lerman, Z.; Sedik, D. The Economic Effects of Land Reform in Central Asia: The Case of Tajikistan. Discuss. Pap. 2008. 4. Lerman, Z.; Sedik, D. Agricultural Development and Household Incomes in Central Asia: A Survey of Tajikistan, 2003-2008. Eurasian Geogr. Econ. 2009, 50, 301–326. 5. USSR Statistical Yearbook of the USSR 1990; State Committee of the USSR for Statistics: Moscow, USSR, 1991; 6. Боймахмадов, М.У. Кишоварзи/Agriculture. In Минтакахои ЧТ/Regions of the RT; Хасанзода, Г.К., Ed.; Tajikistan, Dushanbe, 2017; pp. 91–196. 7. Kristina, T.; Abdusamadov, M.; Tsukatani, T. Water resources assessment, irrigation and Agricultural developments in Tajikistan. South Asia 2004. 8. Pulatov, Y.E. Water-Saving Irrigation Technologies and Water Use Efficiency in Agriculture. Экология и строительство/Ecology Constr. 2017, 4, 21–26. 9. Tashmatov, A.; Aknazarov, F.; Juraev, A.; Khusanov, R.; Kadyrkulov, K..; Kalchayev, K.; Amirov, B. Food policy reforms for sustainable agricultural development in Uzbekistan, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Tajikistan. Food Policy 2000, 25, 719– 732. 10. Nazriev, A. Development of the Water Management System in Tajikistan. In Past Experience and Future Challenges; ADB: Almaty, Kazakhstan, 2002; pp. 26–31. 11. Closset, M.; Dhehibi, B.B.B.; Aw-Hassan, A. Measuring the economic impact of climate change on agriculture: a Ricardian analysis of farmlands in Tajikistan. Clim. Dev. 2015, 7, 454–468. 12. Rakhmatullaev, S.; Abdullaev, I. Central Asian irrigation sector in a climate change context: some reflections. J. Water Clim. Chang. 2014, 5, 341– 356. 13. Chapagain, A.K.; Hoekstra, A.Y. Water Footprints of Nations. Water Res. 2004, 2, 240. 14. Hoekstra, A.; Chapagain, A.; Aldaya, M.; Makonnen, M. The Water Footprint Assesment Manual; Earthscan: London and Washington, DC, 2011; 15. Aldaya, M.M.; Hoekstra, A.Y. Water footprint of cotton, wheat and rice production in Central Asia; 2010; 16. Smith, M.; Kivumbi, D. Use of the FAO CROPWAT model in deficit irrigation studies 17–27. 17. Aziz, A.; Nassim, J.; Tunwar, N.S.; Naimov, S.A. Tajikstan Reducing the Impact of Price Surge and Agriculture Rehabilitation Programme; Dushanbe, Tajikistan, 2008; 18. Hoekstra, A.; Chapagain, A.; Aldaya, M.; Mekonnen, M. Water footprint manual: state of the art; 2009; 19. Allen, R.G.; Pereira, L.S.; Raes, D.; Smith, M.; Ab, W. Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56; Rome, Italy, 1998; 20. Allen, R.; Pereira, L.; Raes, D.; Smith, M. Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56; FAO: Rome, 1998; ISBN 92-5-104219-5. 21. Morgounov, A.I.; Braun, H.; Ketata, H.; Paroda, R. International Cooperation for Winter Wheat Improvement in Central Asia : Results and Perspectives. 2005, 29, 137–142. 22. Khasanzoda, G. Results of The Only Selective Review of Water Users in Agricultural and Industrial Processing in The Republic of Tajikistan in 2016; Dushanbe, Tajikistan, 2017; 23. Michael, M.; Sabina, D.; Emmanuel, H. Expanding Financing Opportunities in Rural Areas; 2006;